Contraceptive methods include various options to prevent unintended pregnancies. These methods can be categorized as follows:

  • Hormonal Methods
    These include birth control pills, patches, rings, hormonal implants, and injections. They work by regulating hormones to suppress ovulation and prevent conception.
  • Barrier Methods
    These include condoms (male and female), diaphragms, cervical caps, and spermicide gels or creams. They prevent sperm from reaching the egg by forming a physical barrier or killing the sperm.
  • Intrauterine Contraceptive Methods (IUD)
    Also known as IUDs (spirals), these are inserted into the uterus and can have either hormonal or non-hormonal effects.
  • Natural Methods
    These include monitoring the menstrual cycle, the temperature method, and cervical mucus testing. They are based on understanding the fertile and infertile phases of the menstrual cycle.

Sterilization
This involves permanent contraception through male sterilization (vasectomy) or female sterilization (salpingectomy).

The choice of contraceptive method depends on individual preferences, medical needs, and lifestyle factors.